Intro to Review Articles

Intro to Review Articles

Goal:

Students will understand the function of product reviews as well as how to compose their own.

Monday, 12/22/14

Select three and make a chart:

Music- albums and artist
Television- new shows
Movies- Current movies, titles, actors
Book- Title, author, genre
Video game/ system - type and features
Play-Title, actors, genre
Product- Name, cost, where sold
Website- address, purpose
Restaurant - Name, type of food, prices, atmosphere


1. Students will be introduced to the basic rules of review writing.

2. Students will discuss how to create a product review.

3. Students will understand how to incorporate details into their own product review.

4. Students will explore the greatest type of review: The INFOMERCIAL

Monday,1/5/15

 Activity:

Think of the favorite item / gadget you have purchased / own (Ipod, Iphone, etc). Write a brief paragraph discussing why you like this item. Include some of its features. Discuss how it works. Cite five reasons someone should buy this product.

Assignment:

1. Students will complete the writing activity listed above

Teacher/ students will discuss the importance of details in writing

2. Students will go over a basic PowerPoint explaining the general purpose of a review article
Tuesday, 12/10-Friday, 12/13
Notes, Discussions and Infomercials

 3. Students will be introduced to the different types of review articles:

Book Reviews

Movie Reviews- Sample review: Saving Mr. Banks

Music Reviews

Play Reviews

Restaurant Reviews

Product Reviews- Ronco;   Magic Bullet

Website Reviews

Television Reviews

4. Students will discuss and take notes on the various types of reviews
5. Students will watch and evaluate product infomercials
6. Students will discuss different review styles and infomercial approaches


Next week: Propaganda in advertising





 1.2.11B - use and understand a variety of media and evaluate the quality of material produced

Quotes

Quotation Marks

Quotation Marks
Brought to you by the Purdue University Online Writing Lab

For additional information on quoting sources, see the Purdue OWL handout Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing. For practice using quotation marks, try the separate exercise (and check your answers with the Answer Key). For more information on writing research papers and citing sources, see our extensive research paper workshop.




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Quotation Marks with Direct and Indirect Quotations
Quoting Prose
Direct quotations are another person's exact words--either spoken or in print--incorporated into your own writing.

Use a set of quotation marks to enclose each direct quotation included in your writing.
Use a capital letter with the first word of a direct quotation of a whole sentence. Do not use a capital letter with the first word of a direct quotation of part of a sentence.
If the quotation is interrupted and then continues in your sentence, do not capitalize the second part of the quotation.
Mr. and Mrs. Allen, owners of a 300-acre farm, said, "We refuse to use that pesticide because it might pollute the nearby wells."

Mr. and Mrs. Allen stated that they "refuse to use that pesticide" because of possible water pollution.

"He likes to talk about football," she said, "especially when the Super Bowl is coming up."




Indirect quotations are not exact words but rather rephrasings or summaries of another person's words. Do not use quotation marks for indirect quotations.

According to their statement to the local papers, the Allens refuse to use pesticide because of potential water pollution.


Below are some further explanations and examples of how to integrate quoted prose into your own writing.

Quotation within a quotation
Use single quotation marks for a quotation enclosed inside another quotation. For example:

The agricultural reporter for the newspaper explained, "When I talked to the Allens last week, they said, 'We refuse to use that pesticide.' "


Omitted words in a quotation
If you leave words out of a quotation, use an ellipsis mark to indicate the omitted words. If you need to insert something within a quotation, use a pair of brackets to enclose the addition. For example:

full quotation
The welfare agency representative said, "We are unable to help every family that we'd like to help because we don't have the funds to do so."

omitted material with ellipsis
The welfare agency representative said, "We are unable to help every family . . . because we don't have the funds to do so."

added material with brackets
The welfare agency representative explained that they are "unable to help every family that [they would] like to help."


Block quotations
A quotation that extends more than four typed lines on a page should be indented one inch from the left margin (the equivalent of two half-inch paragraph indentations). Maintain double spacing as in the main text, and do not use quotation marks for the block quotation.

Quoting Poetry
Short quotations
When you quote a single line of poetry, write it like any other short quotation. Two lines can be run into your text with a slash mark to indicate the end of the first line. Use quotation marks.

In his poem "Mending Wall," Robert Frost writes: "Something there is that doesn't love a wall, / That sends the frozen-ground-swell under it."


Long quotations
If the quotation is three lines or longer, set it off like a block quotation (see above). Some writers prefer to set off two-line verse quotations also, for emphasis. Quote the poem line by line as it appears on the original page, and do not use quotation marks. Indent one inch from the left margin.

In his poem "Mending Wall," Robert Frost questions the building of barriers and walls:


Before I built a wall I'd ask to know
What I was walling in or walling out,
And to whom I was like to give offense.

Writing Dialogue
Write each person's spoken words, however brief, as a separate paragraph. Use commas to set off dialogue tags such as "she said" or "he explained." Closely related narrative prose can be included in a paragraph with dialogue. If one person's speech goes on for more than one paragraph, use quotation marks to open the speech and at the beginning--but not the end--of each new paragraph in the speech. To close the speech, use quotation marks at the end of the final paragraph.

Quotation Marks for Titles of Minor Works and Parts of Wholes
Use quotation marks for:

titles of short or minor works, such as songs, short stories, essays, short poems, one-act plays, and other literary works that are shorter than a three-act play or a complete book.
titles of parts of larger works, such as chapters in books; articles in newspapers, magazines, journals, or other periodical publications; and episodes of television and radio series.
Use underlining or italics for titles of major works or of works that contain smaller segments such as books; plays of three or more acts; newspapers, magazines, journals, or other periodical publications; films; and television and radio series.

Do not use quotation marks for referring to the Bible or other sacred texts or to legal documents.

Quotation Marks for Words
Use quotation marks to indicate words used ironically, with reservations, or in some unusual way.

The great march of "progress" has left millions impoverished and hungry.


For words used as words themselves or for technical or unfamiliar terms used for the first time (and defined), use italics.

The English word nuance comes from a Middle French word meaning "shades of color."

The use of chiasmus, or the inversion of syntactic elements in parallel phrases, can create rhetorically powerful expressions.


Punctuation with Quotation Marks
Use a comma to introduce a quotation after a standard dialogue tag, a brief introductory phrase, or a dependent clause, for example, "He asked," "She stated," "According to Bronson," or "As Shakespeare wrote." Use a colon to introduce a quotation after an independent clause.

As D. H. Nachas explains, "The gestures used for greeting others differ greatly from one culture to another."

D. H. Nachas explains cultural differences in greeting customs: "Touching is not a universal sign of greeting. While members of European cultures meet and shake hands as a gesture of greeting, members of Asian cultures bow to indicate respect."


Put commas and periods within closing quotation marks, except when a parenthetical reference follows the quotation.

He said, "I may forget your name, but I never remember a face."

History is stained with blood spilled in the name of "civilization."

Mullen, criticizing the apparent inaction, writes, "Donahue's policy was to do nothing" (27).


Put colons and semicolons outside closing quotation marks.

Williams described the experiment as "a definitive step forward"; other scientists disagreed.

Benedetto emphasizes three elements of what she calls her "Olympic journey": family support, personal commitment, and great coaching.


Put a dash, question mark, or exclamation point within closing quotation marks when the punctuation applies to the quotation itself and outside when it applies to the whole sentence.

Philip asked, "Do you need this book?"

Does Dr. Lim always say to her students, "You must work harder"?

Sharon shouted enthusiastically, "We won! We won!"

I can't believe you actually like that song, "If You Wanna Be My Lover"!

: Review the main points: See below
Go over examples in the workbook
Page 99- Ex 1 B and D
Page 102- Ex 3 A -J
Unnecessary Quotation Marks
Do not put quotation marks around the titles of your essays.
Do not use quotation marks for common nicknames, bits of humor, technical terms that readers are likely to know, and trite or well-known expressions.
You can practice these rules by doing the accompanying exercise.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_quoteEX1.html


1. REVIEW:1. Use quotation marks to enclose titles of short works, such as short stories, essays, newspaper articles and magazine articles.

2. Use quotation marks to enclose unfamiliar slang and other unusual for original expressions
A once-popular expression was "zounds."

3. In dialogue: begin a new paragraph and use a new set of quotation marks every time the speaker changes:
"Are you going to the zoo?" I asked.
"Well," he said. "I want to take my children to the museum."
"Why?" I asked. "Tuesday is free admission day at the zoo."
"I will," he said, "join you at the zoo on Tuesday."

4. Said Whom?Is is Smith said or said Smith? That is a little wrinkle in the ways of attribution. Here is the solution:

If all the writer wants to do is tell ho said what, then the construction is "Smith said." For example:
I love journalism class," Smith said.

However, if the writer wants to tell a bit about Smith besides his or her name, you should state it this way:
I love journalism class," said Smith, whose mother is the journalism teacher.

Closure Activity:
Wednesday- RE- evaluate the quote you located in today's Times Leader
Thursday- What is the purpose of a direct quote in a newspaper
Friday- Why do we use partial, paraphrased and direct quotes?

Practice

Create 20 questions and answers on the following:
(You many have multiple choice answers, a fill in the blank section with a minimum 10 item word bank, Short Answers, Definitions:  Ex: Define Libel -    ;  True and false - Justify false answers)

1.Tinker Case
2.Hazelwood Case
3. Libel
4. Slander
5. Defamation of Character
6. The Truth
7. The First Amendment
8. Ethical Photojournalism
9. Your Rights
10. Appropriate situations

Test:  Tomorrow!

Know key definitions and terms

Ethical decisions in Photojournalism

Legal Considerations in Photojournalism

Here are some potentially troublesome situations you might encounter. Discuss what you think is the correct answer legally and discuss how you personally might handle it.


1. If you take pictures of someone in their home with a hidden camera, could you be sued for invasion of privacy? (yes)
2. Is it legal for you to photograph a celebrity walking along a city street, even if they don't want to be photographed? (yes, because it's a public street)
3. If you photograph Ricky Martin driving down the street in a new BMW, could BMW use one of your pictures in an advertisement? (no, they need written permission)
4. You are editor of a feature magazine, and you need a picture of some troubled teens to illustrate a story. Your photographer goes by the high school and shoots some pictures of some teens waiting outside for their rides. You print one of the pictures, only to find out later that these were some of the school's top scholars. Could they sue you successfully? (yes, because you potentially hurt their reputations)
5. , You take a picture of woman with her dress blowing up, showing her undergarments underneath. Although her face is not visible, her children are next to her. Since she was in public view, can your editor run it without fear of being sued? (no, she could successfully prove that the photo was embarrassing but not newsworthy)
6. You're at the hospital visiting a sick friend and have a chance to get a photo of a local celebrity being wheeled into the X-ray room. This would be of great interest to your readers. You take the pictures and turn one into your editor. Can she legally run it? (no, the law protects people privacy in hospitals -- she would need written permission to run it)
7. . You see a bad car accident and begin taking photos immediately, of the smashed cars, of the victims being tended to and put into the ambulance, etc. The police at the scene order you to stop. As a representative of the media, can you legally continue? (yes) If so, are there any limits to what you can shoot? (you cannot take pictures of a victim in an ambulance)
8. From the street, you photograph two teenagers kissing on a front porch. Even if you did not ask their permission, can your editor legally run it? (yes, legally it's OK since anything on a public street is fair game, but ethically you might decide against it)
9. . There has been a bad fire in a person's home, and you want to take pictures inside the house. The owner is not home, and the police and firefighters do not object. Do you, as a representative of the media, have a right to enter the house, or would you be trespassing? (you have a right to enter the house and take pictures)
10. You're shopping in a grocery store and witness a woman cut by a broken pickle jar. She sees your camera and asks you to photograph her wound. Can you legally take a picture? (yes) What if the manager sees you and asks you to stop? (you must stop since you're on their private property) What if the manager demands you turn your film over to her? (you don't have to -- that's your property)


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Ethical Considerations in Photojournalism

Pair 1

Photographer: You are working with a reporter on a story about a coach who holds some national records for weightlifting. You still need a shot of him working out, so you arrange to meet him at the gym and take pictures of him lifting weights just as he normally does. Make an argument for running your photo.

Photo editor: Do you run this set-up photo? Why or why not?

Pair 2

Photographer: A baby left in a locked car died from the heat. You heard about it on a police scanner and were able to get a picture of the policeman taking the baby out of the car.

Photo editor: Do you run this as a warning to other parents? Why or why not?

Pair 3

Photographer: A fire escape collapses during a fire, plunging a woman to her death. A child who also falls miraculously survived.You get a picture of them in mid-air, just as the fire escape gives way. The photo is a potential Pulitzer Prize winner.

Photo editor: Do you run this photo of a woman falling to her death? Why or why not?

Pair 4

Photographer: A woman takes off her clothes in protest of being denied entrance to a building. You get a picture of her protest.

Photo editor: Do you run this photo of a nude woman? Why or why not?

Pair 5

Photographer: During a news conference, an important political figure makes an obscene gesture at some hecklers in the crowd. You take the picture and turn it into your editor.

Photo editor: This is definitely newsworthy but potentially offensive. Do you run it? Why or why not?

Pair 6

Photographer: A man notifies the press that a newsworthy event will be taking place at a certain time and location. He makes a statement protesting a government action, then douses himself with gasoline and lights a match. You get some dramatic pictures of the event, potential prize winners.

Photo editor: Should you run the picture because it's newsworthy or deny the protester the publicity he was seeking? Explain your decision.

Pair 7

Photographer: You photograph a family grieving over their son who drowned in a local canal. You capture them at the moment the authorities unzip the body bag for them to make identification of him.

Photo editor: Do you run this to urge other families to be cautious or respect the privacy of their grief?

Pair 8

Photographer: You photograph two students exchanging money and a bag of something. You realize this would be a great photo to go with a story your staff is doing on drugs on campus.

Photo editor: Do you run this? Why or why not?

Standard -1.9.11.A: Use media and technology resources for research, information analysis, problem solving, and decision making in content learning. Identify complexities and inconsistencies in the information and the different perspectives found in each medium

Ethical Decisions in Journalism part 1

Ethical Decisions in Journalism part 1

Overview and Rationale:

The lesson will help students understand the ethical considerations necessary in the

production and post-production process of photojournalism.

Goals:

Consider the potential effect on the viewer when selecting and taking photos.

Try to use proper angles and lighting to produce appropriate effects in photos.

News photos are a form of journalism, not art. Find the iconic photo, not the cool one.

(Oza)

When it is appropriate to use posed/staged photos.

Photoshop, and other postproduction software, is a tool to help you improve your photos,

not alter them. (cropping, etc.)

The difference between photojournalism and photo illustrations.

Essential Questions:

What do we mean when we refer to “journalistic ethics?”

What role do these ethics play in photojournalism?

PhotoJournalism

Ethical Decisions in Journalism

From the Society of Professional Journalists Code of Ethics:
" Journalists should . . . never distort the content of news photos or video. Image enhancement for technical clarity is always permissible. Label montages and photo illustrations.”

For a code of ethics entirely on photojournalism, see the National Press Photographers Association Code of EthicsSome clauses from this code:
• Be accurate and comprehensive in the representation of subjects.
• Resist being manipulated by staged photo opportunities.
• Be complete and provide context when photographing or recording subjects.
• Avoid stereotyping individuals and groups.
• Recognize and work to avoid presenting one's own biases in the work.
• Treat all subjects with respect and dignity. Give special consideration to vulnerable subjects and compassion to victims of crime or tragedy. Intrude on private moments of grief only when the public has an overriding and justifiable need to see.
• While photographing subjects, do not intentionally contribute to, alter, or seek to alter or influence events.
• Editing should maintain the integrity of the photographic images' content and context. Do not manipulate images or add or alter sound in any way that can mislead viewers or misrepresent subjects.
• Respect the integrity of the photographic moment. 

Situation 1: Boston Bomber/ Time's cover

Situation 2: Bridge accident

Situation 3: Car Fire

Students will be presented with situations of libel and libelous photography. They will justify is situations are printable in a newspaper or must be held back.



-Students will review works by a photojournalist
What does it take to be a great journalist?

A great journalist cares about people and an ideal world. A great journalist can approach a topic as vast as the universe and make it simple and interesting to both Einstein and the new immigrant, who is trying to learn the language.

The written word has power. With skill, reporters can expose the dark deeds of the world and bring them into the light. However, journalism is limited to non-apathetic, monolinguistic people with some time to kill and a few neurons still firing.

Enter photojournalism. It destroys almost all barriers. Justice can draw its sword in the time it takes an eye to scan an image. An image has no age, language or intelligence limits.

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What is a photojournalist?

A journalist tells stories. A photographer takes pictures of nouns (people, places and things). A photojournalist takes the best of both and locks it into the most powerful medium available - frozen images.

Photojournalists capture "verbs." This sounds simple, but a room of professional photographers was dumbfounded by this realization. Even after a full-length lecture with documentation and visual evidence, half of the photographers still had no clue what the difference was.

At the end of the presentation. One man said (he really did), "So, what's the difference between photography and photojournalism?" Luckily, two people (only two) turned to him and yelled, "Verbs!"

Although photojournalists can take properly exposed and well composed photographs all day long, they hunt verbs. They hunt them, shoot them and show them to their readers. Then, they hunt more.

A photojournalist has thousands of pairs of eyes looking over his shoulder constantly. The readers are insistent: "What are they doing?" "What did you see?" and "What happened?".

The readers wake PJs up at night. They keep PJs awake. The eyes always want to know what they missed. Readers can't see what they missed with a noun. It works if the question is specific enough (what did the condemned building look like?), but most answers require verbs.

To tell a story, a sentence needs a subject, a verb and a direct object. News photos need the same construction. Photojournalists tell stories with their images. Also, words are always used in conjunction with photojournalist's images.

The words below a photo are called a cutline. I write the cutlines that go with most of my images. At many newspapers, photographers provide names and nothing else. They don't write cutlines because they sometimes can't write a lead (lede) graph for a story. They also may not be able to photograph a sentence (sports being the exclusion, and there are plenty of supporting images to prove my point in this genre as well).

To be a photojournalist, we must understand the relationship between the image and these basic elements of language (all languages - worldwide).

     The girl hits (or misses) the ball. There are no other options.

The girl is easy to photograph. The ball is easy to photograph. The verb is the hard part.

As a servant of the citizens, it's the photojournalist's OBLIGATION to capture the entire sentence involved in EVERY event. There are no excuses. It's hit or missed. Some photographers don't care. They have a picture of the bat. "Hey, that's what tried to hit the ball." They just don't get it.

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More on the photojournalist

A photojournalist is a visual reporter of facts. The public places trust in its reporters to tell the truth. The same trust is extended to photojournalists as visual reporters.

This responsibility is paramount to a photojournalist. At all times, we have many thousands of people seeing through our eyes and expecting to see the truth. Most people immediately understand an image.

In today's world of grocery store tabloids and digital manipulation of images, the photojournalist must still tell the truth. The photojournalist constantly hunts for the images (or verbs), which tell of the day-to-day struggles and accomplishments of his community. These occurrences happen naturally. There is no need to "set up" reality. There is no need to lie to a community that bestows its trust. In a nutshell:   If a photojournalist isn't going to fake a fire or a street stabbing scene, why would he set up "person A" giving "person B" an object (award, check, trophy etc.)?

The photojournalist simply wants to hang around, be forgotten and wait for the right moment. Then, the hunt begins anew.

Like the police officer or firefighter, the photojournalist's concern is his community even if that means sacrificing comfort or life. Many photojournalists die every year in the process of collecting visual information, which lets the public know of atrocities, dangers and the mundane.

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What makes a photojournalist different from a photographer?

Photographers take pictures of nouns (people, places and things). Photojournalists shoot action verbs ("kicks," "explodes," "cries," etc.). Photojournalists do shoot some nouns. These nouns can be standard photos of people (portraits), places (proposed zoning areas or construction sites) and things (name it). However, the nouns we seek still must tell a story.

Standard -1.9.11.A: Use media and technology resources for research, information analysis, problem solving, and decision making in content learning. Identify complexities and inconsistencies in the information and the different perspectives found in each medium